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Faults, by contrast, are fractures in Earth's crust where the rocks on one side of the fault surface are displaced relative to the rocks on the other side.
By contrast, large faults, like the San Andreas Fault in California, have displacements of hundreds of kilometers and consist of many interconnecting fault surfaces.
Faults in which movement is primarily parallel to the dip (inclination) of the fault surface are called dip-slip faults.
Geologists identify the rock surface immediately above the fault surface as the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault as the footwall block (Figure 10.16).
SmartFigure 10.16 Hanging wall block and footwall block The rock immediately above a fault surface is the hanging wall block, and the one below is the footwall block.
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